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Standards for determining major accident hazards in industrial and trade enterprises

(Announced by Order No. 10 of the Ministry of Emergency Management on March 20, 2023, and effective from May 15, 2023.)

Article 1 In order to accurately determine and promptly eliminate major accident hazards in industrial and trade enterprises (hereinafter referred to as major accident hazards), this standard is formulated in accordance with the "Safety Production Law of the People's Republic of China" and other laws and administrative regulations.

Article 2 This standard is applicable to the determination of major accident hazards in industrial and trade enterprises such as metallurgy, nonferrous metals, building materials, machinery, light industry, textiles, tobacco, and commerce. If there are other provisions for the determination of major accident hazards in industrial and trade enterprises involving hazardous chemicals, fire protection (fire), gas, special equipment, etc., the provisions shall apply.

Article 3 Industrial and trade enterprises shall be determined as major accident hazards if they have any of the following circumstances:

(i) Failure to coordinate and manage the safety production work of the contracting unit and the lessee, or failure to conduct regular safety inspections;

(ii) Special operation personnel fail to receive special safety operation training and obtain corresponding qualifications before taking up their posts;

(iii) The main person in charge and safety production management personnel of metal smelting enterprises fail to pass the assessment in accordance with regulations.

Article 4 Metallurgical enterprises shall be determined as major accident hazards if they have any of the following circumstances:

(i) Meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operation rooms, shift rooms, changing rooms (including bathhouses) and other 6 types of places where people gather, as well as cold (hot) repair stations for steel tanks located in the floor area where molten iron, molten steel and liquid slag are hoisted;

(ii) Accident pits and slag pits in the smelting, refining and casting production areas during production, as well as 6 types of areas such as the furnace platform, furnace base area, hoisting and ground transportation channels in the factory building within the scope of molten metal leakage and splashing There is water accumulation in the area;

(iii) The steelmaking continuous casting process is not equipped with an accident molten steel tank, intermediate tank leakage pit (trough), intermediate tank overflow pit (trough), leakage rotary chute, or the die casting process is not equipped with an accident molten steel tank (pit, trough);

(iv) The water-cooling components of steelmaking furnaces such as converters, arc furnaces, AOD furnaces, LF furnaces, RH furnaces, and VOD furnaces are not equipped with monitoring and alarm devices such as outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with the furnace body tilting, oxygen (auxiliary) gun automatic lifting, electrode automatic power off and lifting devices;

( 5) During the production of the blast furnace, the setting value of the furnace top working pressure exceeds the maximum working pressure specified in the design documents, or the furnace top working pressure monitoring device is not interlocked with the furnace top relief valve, or the interlocking relief pressure setting value of the furnace top relief valve exceeds the equipment design pressure value;

(6) Meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operating rooms, shift rooms, dressing rooms and other 6 types of places where people gather near gas production, recovery and purification, pressurized mixing, storage and use facilities, as well as places and locations where gas leakage and accumulation may occur, are not equipped with fixed carbon monoxide concentration Monitoring alarm device, or monitoring data is not connected to a 24-hour manned place;

(VII) Heating furnace, gas cabinet, dust collector, pressurizer, baking machine and other facilities, as well as gas pipelines before entering the workshop are not equipped with partition devices;

(VIII) The maximum plugging gas pressure of the water seal drainer of the positive pressure gas transmission and distribution pipeline is less than 30kPa, or the two sides of the same gas pipeline partition device share a drainer, or the drainage pipes on the top of the drainers of different gas pipelines are connected, or gas pipelines of different media share a drainer.

Article 5 If a non-ferrous enterprise has any of the following circumstances, it shall be determined as a major accident hazard:

(i) Meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operating rooms, shift rooms, changing rooms (including bathhouses) and other six types of places where people gather are located in the floor area where molten metal is hoisted;

(ii) During production, there are non-productive water accumulation in the accident pits and slag pits in the smelting, refining and casting production areas, as well as the furnace platform, furnace base area, lifting and ground transportation channels in the factory building within the scope of molten metal leakage and splashing;

(iii) Emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities are not set up in the molten metal casting process (except for tilting smelting furnaces, tilting insulation furnaces, tilting melting and insulation integrated furnaces, and fixed smelting furnaces with insulation furnaces);

(iv) Smelting furnaces and casting machines (except for the crystallizer of deep well casting process of aluminum processing) using water cooling (5) The closed-circuit water cooling element of the molten metal smelting furnace is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for the outlet water temperature and the difference between the inlet and outlet water flow, or the open-circuit water cooling element is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for the inlet water flow and pressure, or the outlet water temperature of the open-circuit water cooling element is not monitored; (6) The crystallizer cooling water system of the deep well casting process of aluminum processing is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for the inlet water pressure and inlet water flow, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the quick cut-off valve, emergency discharge valve, and flow slot disconnection device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the tilting casting furnace control system; (7) The aluminum liquid outlet flow slot of the casting furnace of the deep well casting process of aluminum processing is not equipped with a liquid level monitoring and alarm device, or the aluminum liquid outlet of the fixed casting furnace is not equipped with a mechanical locking device;

(VIII) The aluminum liquid flow channel of the fixed casting furnace of the deep well casting process of aluminum processing is not equipped with an emergency discharge valve, or the connection between the flow channel and the mold plate (distribution flow channel) inlet is not equipped with a quick cut-off valve (disconnection device), or the liquid level monitoring alarm device at the connection between the flow channel and the mold plate (distribution flow channel) inlet is not interlocked with the quick cut-off valve (disconnection device) and the emergency discharge valve;

(IX) The connection between the flow channel and the mold plate (distribution flow channel) in the tilting casting furnace of the deep well casting process of aluminum processing is not equipped with a quick cut-off valve (disconnection device), or the liquid level monitoring alarm device at the connection between the flow channel and the mold plate (distribution flow channel) inlet is not interlocked with the casting furnace tilting control system and the quick cut-off valve (disconnection device);

(X) The steel wire winch system of the deep well casting machine of aluminum processing uses non-steel core steel wire rope, or the regular inspection and replacement system of steel wire rope is not implemented;

( 11) The places and parts where the leakage and accumulation of four kinds of toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsenide, chlorine, and hydrogen sulfide, may occur are not equipped with fixed gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices, or the monitoring data is not connected to the 24-hour manned place, or the places and parts where hydrogen arsenide gas may be present are not taken with equally effective detection measures;

(12) The gas main pipe of the combustion device that uses coal gas (natural gas) and forced air supply is not equipped with a pressure monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the emergency automatic shut-off device;

(13) The maximum plugging gas pressure of the water-sealed drainer of the positive pressure gas transmission and distribution pipeline is less than 30kPa, or the two sides of the same gas pipeline partition device share a drainer, or the drainage pipes on the upper parts of the drainers of different gas pipelines are connected, or gas pipelines of different media share a drainer.

Article 6 If a building materials enterprise has any of the following circumstances, it shall be determined as a major accident hazard:

(i) The bag dust collector and coal powder bin of the coal mill are not equipped with temperature and fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm devices, or gas fire extinguishing devices are not installed;

(ii) The manual cleaning of the cylindrical storage tank does not implement the safety measures such as preventing falls from heights and collapse in the cleaning plan;

(iii) The cylindrical storage tank of calcium carbide slag raw materials of the cement enterprise is not equipped with a fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the accident ventilation device;

(iv) Before entering the cylindrical storage tank, roasting kiln, preheater cyclone, decomposition furnace, vertical furnace, grate cooler, mill, crusher, failure to check the equipment and Isolation measures are not taken for the influx of materials, high-temperature gases, toxic and harmful gases, etc., or safety measures such as preventing falls from heights and collapses are not implemented;

(V) The gas main pipe of the gas kiln (except the gas kiln of the heat generator furnace) using the premixed combustion method is not equipped with a pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the emergency automatic cut-off device;

(VI) Three types of places such as hydrogen production stations, nitrogen and hydrogen protective gas distribution rooms, and gas distribution rooms are not equipped with fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices;

(VII) The water cooling equipment of the electric furnace for electric melting products fails;

(VIII) Glass kilns, glass tin baths and other equipment are not equipped with monitoring and alarm devices for water cooling and air cooling protection systems.

Article 7 If a machinery enterprise has any of the following circumstances, it shall be determined as a major accident hazard:

(i) Meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, changing rooms, shift rooms and other 5 types of places where people gather are located in the floor area of the molten metal lifting span or pouring span;

(ii) The casting smelting furnace, refining furnace and insulation furnace are not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities;

(iii) During production, there is water accumulation in the furnace bottom, furnace pit and accident pit of the casting smelting furnace, refining furnace and insulation furnace, as well as the furnace front platform, furnace base area, molding pit, pouring operation pit and molten metal transfer channel within the scope of molten metal leakage and splashing;

(iv) The cooling water system of the casting smelting furnace, refining furnace, die-casting machine and oxygen gun is not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities;

(v) The cooling water system of the casting smelting furnace, refining furnace, die-casting machine and oxygen gun is not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities;

(vii ... The system is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for the outlet water temperature and the difference between the inlet and outlet water flow, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the molten metal heating and transportation control system;

(V) The gas main of the combustion device using coal gas (natural gas) is not equipped with a pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the emergency automatic cut-off device, or the combustion device is not equipped with a flame monitoring and flameout protection system;

(VI) When using flammable organic solvents to clean equipment, facilities, tools, and the ground, measures are not taken to prevent the accumulation of flammable gases in the surrounding closed or semi-closed space;

(VII) The paint room and paint spraying room using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with a fixed flammable gas concentration monitoring and alarm device or ventilation facilities.

Article 8 Light industrial enterprises shall be determined as major accident hazards if any of the following circumstances occur:

(i) Food manufacturing enterprises fail to install automatic overheating cut-off devices in baking and frying equipment;

(ii) Liquor blending, filling sites and wine warehouses fail to install fixed ethanol vapor concentration monitoring and alarm devices, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with ventilation facilities;

(iii) Pulp and papermaking enterprises use steam and open flames to directly heat cylinders to vaporize liquid chlorine;

(iv) Daily glass and ceramic manufacturing enterprises fail to install pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm devices in the gas mains of gas kilns (except heat generator gas kilns) using premixed combustion, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with emergency automatic cut-off devices;

(v) Daily glass manufacturing enterprises fail to install monitoring and alarm devices in the cooling protection system of glass kilns;

(vi) Paint mixing rooms and spray booths using non-aqueous paint fail to install fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices or ventilation facilities;

(vii) Lithium-ion battery storage warehouses fail to take effective physical isolation measures for faulty batteries.

Article 9 A textile enterprise shall be determined as having a major accident hazard if it has any of the following circumstances:

(i) The vaporization chamber, gas storage tank, oil storage tank, and heat medium furnace for the heat setting processes such as singeing, opening, and drying of yarn, thread, and fabric processing are not separated or separately set up from places where people gather, such as production and processing;

(ii) The storage of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, and white powder (white powder) is mixed with prohibited materials, or the storage place of sodium hypochlorite does not take waterproof and moisture-proof measures.

Article 10 A tobacco enterprise shall be determined as having a major accident hazard if it has any of the following circumstances:

(i) The fumigation site is not equipped with a phosphine gas concentration monitoring and alarm instrument, or is not equipped with a gas mask, or it is not confirmed that all unrelated personnel have evacuated the fumigation site before the fumigation and insecticide operation;

(ii) The production line and place where liquid carbon dioxide is used to manufacture expanded tobacco are not equipped with a fixed carbon dioxide concentration monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the accident ventilation facilities.

Article 11 Industrial and commercial enterprises with dust explosion hazards shall be judged as major accident hazards if any of the following circumstances exist:

(i) Dust explosion hazardous places are set up in multi-storey buildings (structures) with non-frame structures, or there are employee dormitories, conference rooms, offices, lounges and other places where people gather in dust explosion hazardous places;

(ii) Different types of combustible dust, combustible dust and combustible gas and other media that are likely to aggravate explosion hazards share a dust removal system, or different buildings (structures) and different fire protection zones share a dust removal system, and the dust removal systems are interconnected;

(iii) The dry dust removal system does not take any explosion prevention and control measures such as explosion venting, inerting, and explosion suppression;

(iv) When the dust removal system for metal dust such as aluminum and magnesium adopts positive pressure dust removal, or other combustible dust removal systems use positive pressure dust blowing, no spark detection and elimination measures are taken to prevent ignition sources.

(V) The dust removal system uses a gravity settling chamber for dust removal, or uses a dry tunnel-type structure as a dust removal duct;

(VI) The dry dust removal system for aluminum and magnesium and other metal dusts and wood dusts is not equipped with an air lock and ash unloading device;

(VII) The electrical equipment in dust explosion hazardous places divided into 20 zones, such as dust collectors and dust collection bins, does not meet the explosion-proof requirements;

(VIII) There is no iron, stone and other debris removal device in front of process equipment that is prone to mechanical ignition sources, such as crushing, grinding, and granulation, or the air duct connected to the sanding machine in the wood product processing enterprise is not equipped with a spark detection and elimination device;

(IX) The collection, stacking, and storage places of wet self-igniting metal dust do not take ventilation and other measures to prevent hydrogen accumulation, or the dry collection, stacking, and storage places do not take waterproof and moisture-proof measures;

(X) The dust cleaning system has not been implemented, resulting in serious dust accumulation at the work site.

Article 12 Industrial and commercial enterprises using liquid ammonia refrigeration shall be judged as major accident hazards if any of the following circumstances occur:

(i) The air conditioning system in the packaging, splitting and product sorting places adopts ammonia direct evaporation refrigeration;

(ii) The quick freezing device is not set up in a separate operation room, or the number of workers in the quick freezing device operation room exceeds 9.

Article 13 Industrial and commercial enterprises with confined space operations with risks of poisoning such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide shall be judged as major accident hazards if any of the following circumstances occur:

(i) Failure to identify confined spaces, establish safety management records, and set up obvious safety warning signs;

(ii) Failure to implement confined space operation approval, or failure to implement the "ventilation first, then detection, then operation" requirements, or failure to set up supervisors at the operation site.

Article 14 The monitoring, alarm, protection and other facilities, equipment and devices directly related to production safety in the circumstances listed in this standard shall be guaranteed to operate normally and be used, and failure or ineffectiveness shall be judged as major accident hazards.

Article 15 This standard shall come into force on May 15, 2023. The "Standards for Determining Major Production Safety Accident Hazards in the Industrial and Commercial Sectors (2017 Edition)" (Safety Supervision General Administration No. 4 [2017] 129) is hereby repealed.